“As long as our Government is administered for the good of the people, and is regulated by their will; as long as it secures to us the rights of person and of property, liberty of conscience and of the press, it will be worth defending....”

Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 over incumbent John Quincy Adams marked an end to the “Era of Good Feelings,” as Jackson’s supporters became the Democratic Party, while those who supported Adams became the National Republicans. In March 1829, Jackson became the first president to take the oath of office on the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol. His inaugural address promised to respect the rights of states and the constitutional limits on the presidency.

“As the loadstone attracts Iron, so ought acknowledgem^ts to pursue faviours … [I] dare not presume any further having soe lately recd soe great a marke of your bounty….”

Deputy Governor Anthony Brockholls of New York extends a cordial note to Governor William Penn in the midst of continuing deliberations between Penn and Lord Baltimore over the southern boundary of Pennsylvania and possession of Delaware.

In this brief letter, General A. C. McAuliffe agrees to inscribe a copy of a unit history of the 103^rd Infantry Division for the New York attorney and autograph collector Ashley T. Cole after he returns to Washington from atomic tests in the Pacific Ocean. This letter was written between the test denotations of the fourth and fifth atomic bombs ever exploded.

Unit historians Ralph Mueller and Jerry Turk wrote Report after Action: The Story of the 103^rd Infantry Division with illustrations by artist Bill Barker, and it was published in 1945. Because McAuliffe led the 103^rd through the end of the war in Europe, Cole wanted to get his autograph on the brief volume.

The President of the Third French Republic tells an unknown friend about a disturbing letter that he just received from right wing journalist and newspaper editor Urbain Gohier, in which Gohier had accused him, the sitting president, of colluding with Jewish and foreign elements.

Cardozo thanks fellow Judge Alphonso T. Clearwater for his kind words about Cardozo’s work and opinions, and grieves about the death a week earlier of his older sister Ellen Ida Cardozo, with whom he lived on New York’s West 75th Street. “Nell” was the last of Cardozo’s five siblings to die.

As president of the Supreme Executive Council (i.e., governor) of Pennsylvania, Franklin approves the sale of five lots at Market and 13th Streets in Philadelphia.

President Harrison nominated Shiras as an associate justice of the Supreme Court on July 19, 1892. The Senate confirmed his appointment a week later.

President Benjamin Harrison offers his non-partisan rationale for selecting attorney George Shiras Jr. of Pennsylvania to be an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. He also insisted he would not appoint those who held narrow constitutional views that would prevent the government from operating properly. Shiras, who practiced law privately for nearly forty years, had never served in public office or as a judge. He was sworn in on October 10, 1892, and remained on the bench until 1903.

Decades later, Washington businessman William A. Heilprin sent Harrison’s letter to Associate Justice Louis D. Brandeis, who shared it with fellow Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts. Brandeis wrote a brief letter to Heilprin in returning the Harrison letter to him. The two letters have remained together ever since.

“Proud of Race / Serious Problem, / all can help / In & out of slavery”

These pages of notes, written by African American leader and educator Booker T. Washington, are not fully developed texts but are likely either speaking points for speeches or points to stress in reports. A few can be tied to specific speeches Washington gave in the mid-1890s, but many refer to anecdotes or themes that he used in multiple speeches over a lifetime of addressing black and white audiences.

Washington’s approach to the path for African Americans to rise out of the miseries of slavery was more gradual than that of other African American leaders and aimed for accommodation to white hostility, fearing that the more confrontational methods espoused by others would lead to disaster for his race. The educational institutions and business organizations he nurtured created a more confident and capable generation of leaders who led African Americans to demand equal political and civil rights in the mid-twentieth century.

“I Trust We May Live To See The Stars & Stripes Floating Over The Citadel Over Quebec.”

President Calvin Coolidge reappoints Amy Louise Veerhoff as a member of the Board of Trustees of the National Training School for Girls. Originally appointed by President Warren G. Harding, Veerhoff served as president of the Board of Trustees for several years.

“The gates to political enfranchisement have swung open. The women are inside.”

“...the evil fate which seems to overtake our few good friends in the service of the Palestine Government makes me feel a greater bitterness than I can well express… You will have to consider whether you are prepared to face a good deal of unpleasantness in Palestine, or whether you would prefer to try to get transferred to some other service in a country where my friendship, and the friendship of the Jewish residents generally, will not count against you!”

Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh planned this pathbreaking flight to chart a route for future Pan American flights to Japan and China. They flew by way of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia over the north Pacific.

On July 27, 1931, they took off from New York, flying over Ontario and Canada’s Northwest Territories, feasting during a stop in Barrow, Alaska, before flying over the Bering Sea. A month after departing, they arrived on Hokkaido Island, Japan, before continuing to China.