The “struggle for the flag and symbol” in the British army.

“…Will you help?”

“Turn your fury into deeds Volunteer!”

“Night after night I watch (the stars) and read your regards.”

Jacob da Silva Solis-Cohen served in the Civil War and went on to become a pioneer in the field of head and neck diseases and surgery.

“The darkening clouds in our country’s skies… not just the IDF will be put to a supreme test, but the staying power of the economy as well, and first and foremost our industrial capacity…”

“I am pleased that our State is a secular state and not under a religious regime.… I do not object to the spreading of religion in the way it is done in all democratic states through synagogues, Yeshivas and youth movements…”

From fifteen Sephardic families who arrived in 1658, Newport’s Jewish community grew to be the largest in the colonies by the Revolutionary War. Many Jews left during the British occupation, but a significant number returned. By the time of Washington’s visit, there were approximately 300 Jews in the thriving Newport community.

On August 17, 1790, on behalf of the Congregation Kahal Kadosh Yeshuat Israel, Newport merchant and banker Moses Seixas wrote an address to welcome George Washington. Seixas’ letter (see below) welcomed Washington to Newport, and congratulated his ascendancy to the Presidency. Seixas also expressed his hopes for the new government’s success and its commitment to religious freedom, that a “government erected by the majesty of the people, a government which to bigotry gives no sanction, persecution no alliance, but generously affording to all Liberty of conscience,” would be created under the new Constitution. Seixas most likely gave Washington the letter on the morning of August 18, when other Clergy and townspeople met with Washington to express their regard for him.

Washington replied later on August 18. He thanked the community for its warm welcome, and assured the congregation that in his administration, “All possess alike liberty of conscience and immunities of citizenship....” He then echoed and built on Seixas’ words, “For happily the Government of the United States, which gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance requires only that they who live under its protection should demean themselves as good citizens, in giving it on all occasions their effectual support.”

The original letter is owned by the Morris Morgenstern Foundation, and is on long-term loan to the National Museum of American Jewish History. We were honored to have appraised the original prior to its exhibit, and to have arranged several loans to the museum. Each year, members of the Touro Synagogue in Newport read the letter in a public ceremony.

The Boston Herald of Freedom first published both Seixas’ letter and Washington’s reply on September 7, 1790, followed by a Newport printing on September 9.

Washington echoed Seixas’ words, and built on them, to make his most celebrated statement on religious freedom.

“religious people must respect the freedom of choice of a fellow man and no coercion is to be exercised for or against religious conduct…”

King George III signs off on a royal warrant for payment of over £14,522 to the late Sir James Colebrooke, Sir George Colebrooke, Arnold Nesbitt, and Moses Franks for “provisions issued by them to our forces in North America for and from the 18th day of June 1761 to the 29th day of July following inclusive….” The document was signed during the French and Indian War, a year after the fall of Montreal when the war had turned in Britain’s favor.  

“If Magnes cannot be eliminated in the very near future, I shall also follow through with my resignation. I am doing this because I am convinced that at this point, no real harm would result by compromising the University in the eyes of the Jewish public.”